Start with Canopy

Use trees that provide dappled shade and hold moisture. Native oaks, western sycamore, or California bay laurel are excellent choices. Their high leaf moisture and structure slow wind and cool the air. Trees should be pruned for fire safety, but not removed.

2. Layer Plant Communities

Under trees, create multilayered dense plantings of native shrubs, perennials, and groundcovers that are adapted to local soil and local ecosystem. Think toyon, coffeeberry, hummingbird sage, or woodland strawberries. These retain moisture while mimicking the structure of natural plant communities.

3. Hydrate the Soil

Healthy soils hold water. Use low growing (groundcover) living plants to build organic matter instead of mulch. Avoid impermeable surfaces or artificial turf, which block water infiltration and increase surface heat.

4. Capture and Store Rain

Design gardens to harvest rainwater with swales, rain chains, and permeable basins. These not only reduce runoff but recharge the soil’s moisture reservoir.

5. Avoid Fuel Traps

Moisture gardens are not overgrown jungles. They are designed for accessibility, visibility, and air flow. Keep plantings healthy and hydrated. Remove dead material regularly. Avoid placing tall, dry plants near windows or vents. Avoid plants that are summer dormant.