These peer-reviewed studies found the following.

High-moisture trees near homes increase survival odds
Homes with nearby trees that had higher moisture content were more likely to survive fires than homes without them—contradicting assumptions that all vegetation near homes is hazardous.

Bare ground was positively associated with building destruction
In both the Thomas and Camp Fires (Paradise and Ventura}, low percentages of bare ground (often considered a “safe” Zone 0 feature) were associated with better survival because the bare ground often includes flammable materials like mulch, decks, or fences.

Drought-stressed (low-moisture) vegetation—not vegetation itself—was the key risk factor
Buildings surrounded by droughty plants and trees were more likely to be destroyed than healthy hydrated plants.  In other words, the condition of the plants matters more than proximity to the house.

Conclusion from authors: blanket removal of vegetation near homes is misguided
The study calls for nuanced, moisture-aware, and site-specific defensible space practices—not indiscriminate clearing